Ovarian Carcinoma

Ovarian cancer develops in the ovaries and can arise from different types of cells. Early diagnosis is key for effective treatment and improved outcomes. Patients should consult an experienced gynecologic oncologist such as Dr. Anjali Jain.

Types of Ovarian Cancer

1. Epithelial Ovarian Cancer – Most common (≈90%), arises from the ovary’s outer lining. Subtypes include serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and clear cell carcinoma.

2. Germ Cell Tumors – Develop from egg-producing cells; common in women under 30.

3. Stromal Tumors – Arise from hormone-producing connective tissue; usually slow-growing.

4. Rare Types – Primary peritoneal cancer and fallopian tube cancer.

Risk Factors

• Age (most cases over 50)

• Family history of ovarian or breast cancer

• Genetic mutations (BRCA1/2, Lynch syndrome)

• Never having been pregnant

Symptoms

• Abdominal bloating or swelling

• Pelvic or abdominal pain

• Early satiety (feeling full quickly)

• Changes in bowel or bladder habits

• Unexplained weight changes

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves pelvic examination, imaging (ultrasound/MRI), blood tests, and surgery for confirmation.

Treatment Options

• Surgery – Primary treatment, including debulking if cancer has spread

• Chemotherapy – Standard post-surgery treatment, sometimes intraperitoneal (IP)

• Targeted Therapy – Blocks proteins or blood vessels needed by cancer cells

• Hormonal or Radiation Therapy – Used in selected cases

Early detection and treatment by an experienced specialist improve outcomes. Women with persistent abdominal pain, bloating, or changes in menstrual or bowel habits should seek medical advice promptly.